The West Bank and Gaza
1.4 million Palestinian refugees are in Gaza, 858,000 are in the West Bank
64% of the population in Gaza lives in poverty
61% of the West Bank is off-limits for Palestinian use
74 years life expectancy
Since the Oslo accords – which handed responsibility for security and civilian affairs over to the Palestinian Authority (PA) – around 60% of the West Bank is still under full Israeli civil and military control, impacting the flow of people and goods throughout the territory.
Given the fraught social and political situation in the area, improvements in social and health care are more difficult to achieve. On 7 October, the militant group Hamas, which controls Gaza, launched a violent coordinated attack on Israel, killing more than 1,400 people and taking over 220 people hostage. In response, Israel declared a state of war and began a series of retaliatory air strikes and bombardment across Gaza.
According to the Palestinian Health Ministry, over 28,000 Palestinians have been killed since the start of the conflict; about 1 in 7 of those killed are said to be women and children.
The situation in the West Bank has continued to deteriorate. There has been an escalation of violence including the repeated use of live ammunition and air strikes. For Palestinians in the West Bank, 2023 was the deadliest on record. Even before Hamas’ attack on October 7, Israeli forces had already killed 234 Palestinians in the West Bank, while settlers were responsible for nine more killings. Of these deaths, 52 occurred in Jenin alone, including in its refugee camp, which was repeatedly attacked throughout 2023.